cold storage refrigeration unit

Types of cold storage refrigeration units

Cold storage refrigeration units are one of the most important components of a cold storage system. They are refrigeration systems specifically designed to maintain the desired low temperatures and humidity levels in cold storage facilities, thereby ensuring the quality and freshness of stored products. Cold storage refrigeration units come in various types and are suitable for different applications and industries.

• Compression refrigeration units: The most common type of refrigeration unit is the compression refrigeration unit. It is based on the principle of compressing and expanding refrigerant gas to absorb and release heat, thereby lowering the temperature inside the cold storage room. The most common subtypes of compression refrigeration units are air-cooled and water-cooled systems.
• Air-cooled refrigeration units: Air-cooled refrigeration units use fans to blow ambient air over the condenser coils to dissipate heat and cool the refrigerant. They are usually located on the roof or exterior walls of buildings. Air-cooled units are suitable for small to medium-sized cold storage facilities and are popular due to their ease of installation and low maintenance requirements.
• Water-cooled refrigeration units: In contrast, water-cooled refrigeration units use water as a heat exchange medium to remove heat from the refrigerant. Water-cooled refrigeration units are generally more efficient and stable than air-cooled units, making them ideal for facilities with high cooling capacity requirements and for use in high-temperature environments.
• Absorption refrigeration units: Absorption refrigeration units are another important type of refrigeration unit. They use heat as an energy source to drive the absorption of refrigerant and produce cooling effects. Absorption refrigeration units are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly than compression refrigeration units. They are ideal for scenarios where electricity is limited or where energy conservation is a priority, such as in industrial plants, chemical factories, and some centralized cold storage facilities.
• Distributed refrigeration units: Distributed refrigeration units are a newer type of cold storage refrigeration unit. They use separate refrigeration systems to cool multiple cold storage rooms or display cases. Distributed refrigeration units have the advantages of precise temperature control, flexible layout, and easy maintenance, and they are ideal for use in supermarkets, convenience stores, and retail food businesses.

Specification and maintenance of cold storage refrigeration units

The key to keeping refrigeration units in good working condition is regular and correct maintenance. Doing so will ensure that the unit continues to function at optimal levels and to prolong its lifespan.

Regular maintenance of refrigeration units typically includes the following key steps:

• Cleaning and changing filters: Filters are essential in keeping out debris, dust, and other particles from the refrigeration unit. When they become clogged, they reduce airflow and force the unit to work harder. This can lead to higher power consumption and accelerated wear and tear. Cleaning and changing the filters regularly is, therefore, an important part of maintaining the unit.
• Coil cleaning: The coils of refrigeration units are usually located in the outdoor unit. They are responsible for absorbing heat from the air, which allows the unit to keep the inside cool. Regularly cleaning these coils is essential for good performance. Dust and dirt can accumulate and act as an insulator, preventing efficient heat transfer. This can force the unit to work harder and use more energy.
• Regular inspection: Regular inspections of the refrigeration unit are essential to check for leaks, worn parts, or other issues. These can be done by a refrigeration technician. Timely identification and repair of problems can prevent more significant issues and costly repairs.

It is essential to establish a regular maintenance schedule for the refrigeration unit and follow it. This ensures that the unit is always in good working order and prevents the need for frequent repairs or replacements.

Scenarios of cold storage refrigeration units

The cold storage refrigeration unit is used in various industries and sectors that require controlled and low temperatures.

• Food and beverage industry:

These units are used to store perishable food products like meat, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and frozen food. The cold storage unit helps to maintain the quality and freshness of the food.

• Medical and pharmaceutical industry:

These units are used to store medicines, vaccines, blood samples, and other medical supplies that require a specific temperature range to maintain their effectiveness and quality.

• Retail and supermarket:

Supermarkets, grocery stores, and hypermarkets use walk-in cold storage units to store perishable food products. They are also used to store beverages like beer, soft drinks, and juices. The walk-in cold storage unit allows easy access to the stored products.

• Logistic and warehousing:

Cold storage warehouses, distribution centers, and logistics companies use these units to store perishable food products and temperature-sensitive goods during transportation and distribution. The cold storage unit ensures that the products remain fresh and undamaged throughout the supply chain.

• Restaurants and catering services:

Restaurants, bakeries, and catering services use walk-in cold storage units to store ingredients, prepared food, and bakery items. The cold storage unit helps to preserve the freshness of the ingredients and prepared food. Some restaurants also use under-counter refrigeration units to store beverages and ingredients.

• Agriculture and horticulture:

These units are used in agricultural facilities, greenhouses, and horticulture to store seeds, plants, flowers, and other agricultural products. The cold storage unit helps to extend the shelf life of the products and preserve their quality.

• Pharmaceutical industry:

Cold storage warehouses are used to store temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical products, drugs, and vaccines. The cold storage unit ensures that the pharmaceutical products remain effective and safe for use.

How to Choose Cold Storage Refrigeration Units

When choosing cold storage refrigeration units, it is important to consider the following factors.

• Capacity Requirements

It is crucial to determine the required capacity of the cold storage. This involves calculating the amount of heat that needs to be removed from the unit. This will be determined by the size of the space and the quantity of products to be stored. Matching the unit's capacity with the storage requirement is important to ensure the cold storage functions efficiently.

• Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency is important when selecting a refrigeration unit for cold storage. Energy-efficient units can help to reduce operational costs while minimizing the impact on the environment. When selecting a refrigeration unit, it is important to consider the energy efficiency rating and look for units with features such as variable speed compressors and LED lighting that can help to lower energy consumption.

• Compressor Type

The type of compressor used in the refrigeration unit is another important factor to consider. The two popular types of compressors are scroll compressors and reciprocating compressors. Scroll compressors tend to be more energy-efficient and quieter than reciprocating compressors. When choosing a refrigeration unit, it is important to consider the compressor type and select a unit that offers the performance and efficiency required for the application.

• Installation and Maintenance

Installation and maintenance requirements are other factors to consider when choosing a cold storage refrigeration unit. The unit should be easy to install and maintain to ensure it functions properly over time. It is important to consider the access to service points and the availability of qualified service technicians. Selecting a unit that is easy to maintain can help to minimize downtime and reduce long-term costs.

Cold storage refrigeration unit Q&A

Q1: What is the difference between a cold room and a refrigeration unit?

A1: Generally, a cold room is a storage facility that keeps items at a specific low temperature. It is cooled by a refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is often installed outside the cold room and is the heart of the cold room. It chills the air inside the cold room and regulates the temperature. Therefore, the cold room is where the items are stored, and the refrigeration unit is the machinery that provides the low temperature required to keep the items fresh and safe.

Q2: What are the main types of refrigeration systems used in cold storage?

A2: The main types of refrigeration systems used in cold storage are direct expansion (DX) systems, centralized ammonia systems, and glycol systems. All these systems work by moving heat from the inside of the cold storage to the outside, maintaining the desired low temperature in the storage area.

Q3: What are the new trends in refrigeration cold storage units?

A3: The most recent trend in cold storage refrigeration is the use of natural refrigerants. Many refrigeration systems are now moving away from synthetic refrigerants and opting for natural options, such as CO2, ammonia, and hydrocarbons. This shift is driven by environmental concerns and regulatory requirements to lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Q4: What is the lifespan of a cold storage refrigeration unit?

A4: If maintained and serviced regularly, a cold storage refrigeration unit can last for many years. The lifespan can vary depending on factors like usage, maintenance, the quality of the unit, and the model. On average, a well-maintained unit can last between 15 to 20 years.