steel decking

Types of steel decking

Steel decking is a type of building material used in constructing a floor, and it is made of light-gauge steel. The steel is cold-formed to create a profile that has embossed ribs and has an embossed surface. These steel floor decks are used with concrete to make a composite floor that is strong and stiff. They are commonly used in multi-story buildings, parking structures, and platforms because they are durable and relatively easy to install. Below are the common types of steel decking:

• Composite deck

This type of decking is used in floors and it is corrugated. It has embossed ribs and small flutes that are located on the top surface of the deck. The embossment is used to make sure that the concrete and the steel are bonded well together. The flutes help to support the wet concrete during the construction process. The deck metal is used with reinforced concrete beams or concrete slabs to create a composite floor. The concrete and deck are joined together to work as a single unit. The composite deck is commonly used in multi-story buildings to create floors because it is strong and stiff.

• Form deck

This type of deck is used in floors, roofs, and walls. It is non-composite and has embossed flutes that are located on the top surface of the deck. These flutes allow the wet concrete to be supported during the construction process. The deck can be used with reinforced concrete beams or concrete slabs to make a floor or roof. It is not made to bond with the concrete like the composite deck.

• Rooftop deck

It is a non-composite deck that is used in floors and roofs. It has embossed ribs and flutes that are located on the top surface. The flutes help to support the wet concrete during the construction process. The deck is not bonded with the concrete. The deck can be used with reinforced concrete beams or concrete slabs to make a floor or roof. The top surface of the deck is coated with a material that prevents the steel from rusting when it is used as a roof.

Functions and Features of Steel Decking

Steel decks are popular in the construction industry. They are used for various construction purposes. Here are some of their functions:

• Support

Metal decking provides support to concrete slabs during construction. The concrete is poured onto the steel sheets. The sheets can support the weight of the concrete, preventing it from collapsing. The concrete and steel work together to form a strong floor or roof. Steel decks are used for floors, ceilings, and roofs. They can support people working and any furniture or equipment.

• Formwork

Steel decking serves as a formwork during construction. A formwork is a temporary structure that holds wet concrete in place until it hardens. The sheets hold the wet concrete in place while it hardens. The formwork prevents the concrete from spilling or losing its shape. After the concrete hardens, the formwork is removed. Steel decking is strong enough to be used as a formwork multiple times.

• Shear Strength

Steel decks increase the shear strength of concrete floors and roofs. Shear strength is the force that prevents sliding between two surfaces. When the concrete is joined to the metal for deck, the shear strength of the floor or roof increases. The floors and roofs are more stable and less likely to break or move.

• Fire Resistance

Galvanized steel decking is resistant to fires. This makes it safer to use in buildings. The steel does not catch fire easily. It takes a long time for the fire to spread. This gives people in a building more time to escape during a fire. Steel decking also prevents fires from moving between floors and roofs. Fire-resistant steel decking is a safer material for buildings.

• Corrosion Resistance

Steel decking is made from galvanized steel. The steel is coated with a layer of zinc. This layer makes the steel decking waterproof. It does not rust when it comes into contact with water. The zinc coating protects the metal roof decking from corrosive substances in the air or water. Galvanized steel decking can last for many years without rusting.

• Easy Installation

Steel decking is easy to install. It comes in many sizes and shapes. Construction workers can cut and fit the steel decks together quickly. This saves time during construction. The sheets are light, so they are easy to carry around a construction site. Steel decking is also easy to connect to the steel beams. Construction workers can connect the steel decking to the beams without using many tools.

Scenarios of steel decking

Steel decks are used in various applications across different industries:

• Residential and Commercial Buildings: Steel decks are a popular choice for flooring systems in both residential and commercial buildings. The decks are strong and durable, providing a stable and safe flooring solution for use in homes and commercial spaces. Additionally, steel decks are easy to install and can be customized to meet specific design requirements, making them a versatile option for different types of buildings.
• Infrastructure and Transportation: Steel decks are commonly used in the construction of bridges, overpasses, and walkways. They provide a strong and stable platform for pedestrians and vehicles to travel safely. Steel decks can also be used in the construction of railway platforms and train stations, providing a durable and long-lasting flooring solution for high-traffic areas.
• Industrial Facilities: Steel decks are a popular choice for industrial flooring systems. The decks are strong and durable, providing a stable platform for heavy machinery and equipment. Steel decks can also be used in the construction of mezzanine floors, providing additional storage and workspace in industrial facilities.
• Roof Decks: Metal decking can be used as roof decking for commercial and industrial buildings. The decks provide a stable and secure base for roofing materials, such as concrete, to be installed. Steel roof decks are lightweight and easy to install, making them a popular choice for flat and pitched roofs.
• Temporary Structures: Steel decks can be used to create temporary structures, such as event stages, grandstands, and construction platforms. The decks are easy to assemble and disassemble, making them a versatile option for temporary applications.
• Marine and Offshore: Steel decks can be used in the construction of marine and offshore structures, such as piers, docks, and offshore platforms. The decks are resistant to corrosion and can withstand harsh marine environments, making them a durable choice for these applications.

How to Choose Steel Decking

• Functionality and Use

Understanding the planned use of the floor is essential in choosing the right steel deck. For example, if the deck will be a commercial or residential space, it will first need to look at the steel deck's appearance. Does it have a clean, attractive finish? This is necessary to ensure the metal for deck enhances the building's overall appearance. If the deck will be used for industrial purposes, it can go for the bare galvanized steel deck without worrying about appearance.

Also, consider the kind of support the steel deck will need. Steel decks can only be used with certain kinds of support, like welded connections or shear studs. Users should make sure the type of support will work with the steel deck they choose. If they do not use appropriate support, the deck will not be secure and could cause issues. For instance, the deck could sag or fall, which could lead to injuries or even death.

Also, consider the environment where the steel decking will be located. For example, if the deck is going on an industrial building, it will need to withstand certain environmental conditions. Users should make sure the deck metal can handle the environment where it will be used. If not, the decking will not last long and could lead to issues like product contamination or even injuries.

• Types of Steel Decks

There are two main types of steel decks, namely composite and non-composite steel decks. Non-composite steel decks are lighter, and workers can install them faster. However, they require additional support and are not as strong as composite steel decks. Composite steel decks, on the other hand, are more expensive and take longer to install. But they do not require additional support and are stronger than non-composite steel decks.

The user should consider the type of steel deck to choose based on their needs and budget.

Steel decking Q & A

Q: What is the maximum span for steel decking?

A: The maximum span of steel decking is about 1.5 meters. However, this may vary depending on the gauge thickness and the load requirements. Thicker steel decking can span longer distances. It is important to consult an engineer to determine the appropriate steel decking for specific projects.

Q: Can steel decking be used as a permanent formwork?

A: Yes, certain types of steel decking, such as composite decking, can be used as permanent formwork. This type of decking remains in place and provides reinforcement during the concrete curing process. This eliminates the need to remove the formwork after the concrete is set.

Q: What is the fire rating of steel decking?

A: Steel decking has excellent fire resistance properties. It can withstand high temperatures and prevent the spread of fire. Certain types of steel decking have a fire rating of up to 2 hours or more. This makes them suitable for a wide range of construction projects.

Q: How should steel decking be maintained?

A: Steel decking requires minimal maintenance. However, it is important to keep it clean and remove any debris regularly. This prevents corrosion and ensures the decking remains in good condition. For painted steel decks, touch-up paint can be applied to any scratched areas to maintain the finish.